gr�lr slsek o��rk, jrs��KkY I BDsdxKrW - 1

gr…lrhrnr Arirk irZwhrnr - ArR‹i GB hrnrxZB Arsi hrsg, G-sbx„B ixdk hrg eŸKrm Ksk� g“rKkxYk �Pzps� ir‚rBsd - grdrxdk grlrBI ArirxK �Krdsbd er„sd - drxRprl Kkr �Zr bvxkk Kar� Arirk �Pz�eu�n o�rxd KLdI ipreu�n oudtsZ PrUuxR“k FxY Arg� px„xQd Gid Kar �Krd m�I jsb gxl sgmšro Kkxgd dr� gr…lrhrnr„ iubŸYsmx•ek �rd gr Ash�Zr �KrdUrB Arirk �dB, �oKar ArxMhrxM gxl krLrB sdkreb ixd KksQ� ZrB GKar Aredrxbk cxk sdxZ pxg �j Arirk g�g� og”br jara” drI pxZ erxk� mucu Aduxkrc, Arirk hulhrl Aredrkr b„r Kxk qir Kkxgd� Gg… hknr GB �j Aredrkr G sgnx„ j†rkr sgxmn AgspZ I erk�i Z†rkr �oB hul mucxk �bgrk Rd“ Ao…xKrxP GsMx„ Aroxgd�

�gm �Zr - Zrpxl imrB �Zrirk G-g“rerxk AdscKrk PP”rk bkKrk sK? Zusi A†rbrk g“rerkt, RrprxRk Lek drI �Kd? GB d“rj“ em™sU Kkrk AscKrk Arlgr‡ Aredrxbk ArxQ� Ggrk Arirk yKsf„‡UrI Zrpxl sbx„ �fsl� Arirk AscKrk GxoxQ Arirk R‹ioux� - Arirk A�kZi A�krZœr �axK� sgxbm sgh†vx„ gro Ksk, irx„kB iZ irZwhvsi Ark irZwhrnrk bug”rk ArKn”Y AdgkZ idxK bug”l Kxk� GB bug”lZrk ouxjrxM Kxg sKhrxg Ks’eDUrxk gr…lrxZ �lLrk hvZ Nrx‚ �PxesQl Rrsddr� �oB �axK Arirk GB bmr! hvZI drxi dr, ArirkI �kprB drB - Argl Zrgl gKsQ, Ks’eDUrk Ark Kt-xgrxW”k Iek �gc‚K ArKork eŸsZxmrc sdsˆQ� GxZ Ark jrB �prK dr �Kd, GB hvxZk �bzkrZœ gr‚xQ yg KixQ dr� ZrB �Zr glsQlri, Aredrkr j†rkr ou� ArxQd, Z†rkr b„r Kxk hvxZk iuxL kri drxi �sU pxl qir Kkxgd�

 gr�lr gY�irlr 

Ggrk Arol Kar„ ArosQ� eŸaxi eŸm™ sbx„B muk Ksk� glud gr…lr gY”irlr„ (A“rl_frxgxU) KsU gY” ? GKUu sP�r K�d� KrMxR GxK GxK gY”Musl slLud, Zrkek MuxY �bLud� �Kd �j GB orird“ eŸxm™k AgZrkYr KksQ Zrk KrkdsU exk glsQ� slLud, slLud� hrgxQd GsK �Url drsK, dr Zusi es‹WZimrB ? drp_! G �Zrirk �dpr‡ erMlrxir, �Qxlirdusn! ArxMB �tKrk KxksQ, Zgu glsQ slLud... �bLrB jrK dr g“rerkUr Kt b††r‚r„! GK KrR K�d, Aredrk sMsd™xKI (gr KZ”rxKI) KrxQ WrKud - Z†rxK KrxQ WrKgrk Gid sis�icuk ARuprZ gr iIKr sK Ark og oi„ �RrxU drsK ? WrKud dr! Z†rxKI glud slLxZ I MuYxZ� ... ArˆQr, �mn �prl? Ggrk buRxdk �drU gbl K�d� sislx„ �bLud, buRxdk gY” o…L“r GK sK dr! GKm' b’esZxK GKB eŸm™ Kxk �bLud - m'x„ ir� busU sK PrksU b’esZ GKB Rgrg �bxgd� grKt ogrk ixc“ Mksil� Krk �brn? dr imrB! Arsi Aredrxbk b’esZxbk sixl-Asixl drK MlrxZ PrB dr - mucu GB KarB GxZ eŸirsYZ pl �j Arirxbk gY”irlrxZ �MrRrsil kx„xQ� Arirxbk smqr g“g�r Gk sbxK Lug GKUr dRk krxLsd gr bkKrk ixd Kxksd� eqr�xk, GKm' B…xkRxK sRx�or Kxk �bLud Zrxbk ogrkB GKB Rgrg - 26sU� Zr �o Arerk �Ko_B �prK - gr �lr„rk �Ko_� guSxld �Zr Arirxbk �Mr‚r„ Mlb�

 �kgY� 

g“rerkUr GKUu LsZx„ �bLrB jrK� eŸaxi Arso �kgxY”�
[ g�dgY� ]

A, Ar, B, C, D, E, F, 9, G, H, I, J

orcrkYZ: GB grksU pl �kgY”� Gk ox� Argrk AxdxKB Rux‚ �bd Arxkr busU gY”� Gkr pxld 'A…' I 'A:'� busU ewaK gxY”k �jzsMK sdx„ sK Kxk GxbkxK GKsU gY” gxl �tKrk Kkr p„ Arirk guSgrk iZ jus� drB� ixd p„ GUr Agm“B GKUu gr‚rgrs‚� �gm hrl Kar� Zxg H o…L“rgrPK 9-Gk iZ gY”sU, jrxK Mu�Rxdkr gxlxQd sl, IUr �Krd_ Kx� lrxM? Rtgxd AxdKB �Zr Lgxkk KrMR, M•e-KsgZr, sPsVe� ex‚xQd - �KrarI sK Gk ox� orqr‡ px„xQ? ZrB jsb dr px„ arxK, Zxg GxK ic“isY px„ gxo GxKgrxk Wrlxpzsok iZ brit Rr„Mrk Rr„Mtk �dgrk AscKrk �K sbxl? es‹WZ g“s�kr GxK HsZprsoK Krkxd ij”rbr sbxlI sbxZ erxkd - ArRxKk sbxd Gk sbd fuskx„ GxoxQ - �gPrkr 9-xK Ggrk mrs�xZ BsZprxok erZrxZB NuirxZ sbd�

ArˆQr, Iexkk ('9' gY”xK grb sbx„) GMrksU gY”xKB jsb �kgxY” ckr p„, Zxg dtxPk Gkr Krkr?

r, s, t, u, v, w, �, y, � r, � z

Gkr Ar-Krk, B-Krk, C-Krk ...BZ“rsb� m‘bo�t (phonetic or vowel signs) px„ Gkr Axd“k Nrx‚ Prxed, m‘bsgY“rxo I sgKrxm g“�d gxY”k eŸKwZ Psk� brd Kxkd� �gm guSlri� ZrB jsb p„, Zxg 'A' gY”sU - sjsd sK dr gY”irlrk Arb“rqk - ZrxK �Kd �kgxY”k A�M”Z Kkr p„� I†k sK g“�dgxY”k eO_sZxZ b†r‚rxZ �gRr„ Ares� ? Arirk sK�u sgmšro Bsd �RrkRgkbs� Kxk Axd“k sKDk GxKgrxk orixd sMx„ Des�Z px„xQd� GxK �rdP“uZ Kkrk ArxM Arxkr GKsU �bI„rsd irilrk f„olr Kkr bkKrk� Bsd �kgY” orskk ir� eŸai ArodsU sdx„B Lumt pxZ erxkd sd - GxK s�Zt„ ArodsUkI Arsm hrM sbx„ Zxg Zu� KkxZ px„xQ� �Kd greu Zusi �KrarKrk Rsibrk imrB �j �ZrirxK GZ �Zrnrxirb KkxZ pxg ? RM‡ sgR„t B…xkRxbk ir� e†rPsU hrIx„l_� Arikr grOrltkr ogsKQuB GKUu �gmt Kxk PrB - �jid c�d, MukuRdxbk erx„ eŸYri Kkxl Z†rkr Armtg”rb Kxkd 'Zusi mZr„u pI', 'lqo�rxdk Rddt pI' - Arirxbk �kgxY”k o…L“r dr p„ grksUB pl� ZrB gxl Zrk busU ebB Zusi 'A' imrB Nuofuo sbx„ grs‚k g‚ RrirBx„k iZ bLl Kxk arKxg, G Kt ckxdk gr„dr ?

'A' Arxbz �kgxY”k ixc“ Arxo gxl Arirxbk jus�MZ ixd p„ dr� Zxg G irilrk �KrdI opR f„olr pgrk d„ - Arirk �o hkor KkxZ h„ p„� hrnrk es‹WxZkr Arirxbk eŸ�rxg BsZixc“ sd–P„B �PrxL mxn”ful �bLxZ gxoxQd� KsljuM imrB - �Nrk Ksl! Zxg Z†rxbk ird Arikr krLxZ ersk ir� GKsU oixSrZrk mxZ”� Zr pl GB� Arirxbk crkdr„ gr…lrxZ �kgY” ir� bmsU (B…xkRxbk s��Y - GUr sK Ki o�rxdk pl imrB ?) -

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J

Zxg ArKwsZ, eŸKwsZ I m‘bMZ sbK�sl sgxgPdr Kxk GxbkxK Arikr Arerk �Ko_ (DˆP�xkk) hrIx„l_ gxl cksQ� Gxbk g�gprk I m‘bMZ �x„rM BZ�rsb oitqY Kkxl �bLr jrxg Gxbk I g�dgxY�k ixc� �xhb Gid sKQu �PrxL ex‚ dr� Gxbk �lr„rk �Ko_ (Ac:�xkk) gY”�sl pl jar�xi -

r, s, t, u, v, w, �, y, � r, � z

Zxg GLrxdI GKUu sK�u kx„ �Ml� Ad“rd“ DˆP�xkk gxY”k iZ 'A'-sU m‘bgrPK pxlI BsdI sdxRk erx„ b†r‚rxZ smxLxQd� ARMxkk 'A' px„ Aredrk ZrsMxbB fYr Zuxl gxoxQd� sK�u �jB fYrsU drsix„ dtxPk Zlr„ Gxld, Aisd A'r'edrk m‘bMZ ygsm�Zr prkrxld� Zxg dZud m‘bMZ ygsm�Zr Aribrsd Kkxld� GLrxdB Bsd orird“ �Z‹�� Ad“ hrnrxZI Gk oiZul“ hrIx„l Agm“ erI„r jr„� Arikr Ark Ares� Zuxl Krlxqe KkxZ PrB dr�

s�Zt„ 'sK�'u-sU pl 'x'- Krk I 'y' -Krk (xlr„rk �Ko_ 'G' I 'H') busUxK sdx„� gB Luxl 'x'bLud, Gkr mx‘bk �Mr‚rxZ arKxl smxkr�rdsU prskx„ �fxld, jLsd ArxMerxQ buRxdk Des�sZ �bLxld o'x'� ox�B orpo �ex„ irar„ smxkr�rdsU Ps‚x„ �bd� G pl Gxbk Ag�rdMZ �xek ZrkZi“! 'sM�f' h“rskx„mrd� Gdrxbk o�t guxS �ernrxKk grprk! Gid Argbrk Krk �dB glud! Srxilr jZ �Mzktxoxdk - ZrxKB sKdr Ks‚ �flxZ p„� GxZ �brxnk sKQuB drB, fx‹U Gxbk bu'ckxdk �exKB Rr„Mr Kxk sbxZ p„� Zxg �hxg �bLr bkKrk GB �e ZrkZxi“k osZ“B sK eŸx„rRd ArxQ? arKuK dr smxkr�rd�sl irar„ og”qY, GxZ iprhrkZI Amu� pxg dr gr �KrkrxYk ij“rbrI qu� pxgdr� eŸai sKQusbd GKUu 'xKid �Kid' �bLxZ lrMxg; Zrkek �PrL-oI„r px„ DVxg� Aredrxbk sK ixd p„ ?

�kgxY”k Arikr �j fb”sU yZsk KxksQ, Zrk �mn 'sK�u'-sU pxlr 'x r'-Krk I 'x z'-Krk gY”busU sdx„� Gxbk sdx„ eŸai oio“rsU pl s�Zt„ 'sK�'u-sUk Adu�e� AZGg, Zrk oircrdI Adu�e pI„r sgspZ� s�Zt„ oio“rsU pl Gxbk Arp_lrsbedr - Gkr jrxK erxg, ZrxK GxKgrxk Arx�ewx� c'xk Arbk Kkxg� �jd ob“ sgx„k ses‚ �axK DxVxQd - Arbxk Arbxk KxYk mšroxkrc pgrk De�i Ark sK! �Kd grgr GKerxm arK dr - busbK �axK ArMxl krLgrk bkKrkUr sK ? KslKrxl pxl dr p„ guSZri - �oB R„xbxgk ArxM �axKB GB XlrXsl Pxl AroxQ� guSud Zrpxl! hrkZt„ AxdK hrnrxZB GB ArMxl krLrk eŸgws�xK sgoR”Y �bI„r px„xQ - gr…lrxZB gr �brn sK ? GKUu LsZx„ �bLr DsP‡ gxlB Arirxbk crkdr� es‹WZRdxbk KrxQ Arirxbk Arxgbd kBl G-sgnx„ hrggrk Rd“�

Zxg G-busU gY”xK sVK GKK gr �izslK gY” gxl MŸpY Kkr DsP‡ sK dr Zr sdx„I Arirxbk ox‹bxpk Krkd ArxQ� grsbxK kx„xQ 'x'-Krk Dh„ gxY”� GxZ guSxZ pxg Gkr m‘bgrPK �jzsMK gY” - Aa”r‡ x + r I � + z � Arirxbk GB jus� jsb jarja gxl ixd Kkr jr„, Zrpxl oio“rk RsUlZr AxdKUrB lrNg pxZ erxk� sgxmn eŸxoso… lsRxKk eŸx„rRd Ark arxK dr� Zrpxl orkKar b†r‚rxlr Arirxbk �kgY”xZ (Ac:�xkk I-k Rd“) 'x r'-Krxkk eŸx„rRd �dB� Ark J-Gk Ac:�xk bkKrk ir� ' z '� guSlri gr…lr„ �jid m‘bxZ m‘bxZ Arirxbk os� p„ - �ZisdB gxY” gxY”I os� p„ gr Kkr jr„�

Zxg GckxYk gY�os�k �x„rRd Arxbz ArxQ sK dr �oUr GKgrk �hxg �bLr PlxZ erxk� m‘bovPK (Aa�r‡ �hrKrslK) J-Krxkk Rd� �Kglir� z jsb g�gpwZ p„ ZrxZ qsZ sK? �Zisd m‘bovPK I-Krxkk Rd�I GKUr sP� dZud Kxk Aribrsd Kkr PlxZ erxk� jsb Arikr osZ� osZ�B o…�rxkk Kar hrsg, Zxg G�e sKQu sKQu eskgZ�d Arirxbk �ixd �d„rB hrl�

[  g�dgY� ]